Singasari kingdom is a kingdom that is located in the lush mountains, in Malang region, and into ports in Pasuruan, East Java. Singasari Kingdom was founded by Ken Arok. Established in 1222 until 1293. Singasari Kingdom, before is Kingdom of Tumapel which is led by regent name Tunggul Ametung. Previously, Ken Arok was slave of Tunggul Ametung. But when he was saw Kendedes, wife of Ametung, he fell in love and accidentally he saw a light from her feminine areas. So,when he as a MPU(spiritual teacher) he know if whoever marries a woman he had seen a light from her feminine area, he will be King. Ken Arok so adamant to get Kendedes and marry her. At that time he intended to kill Ametung, he ordered a dagger from MPU Gandring . But the time hasn’t yet come, ken arok immediately took the dagger from MPU Gandring,then kill him. Mpu Gandring said to Ken Arok before he died, if he(Ken Arok) and all his offspring will be die by that dagger. Then Ken Arok kill Tunggul Ametung, and then he married Kendedes. He become a King in the area then he called that be Kingdom Singasari. From first marriage Kendedes with first husband,named tunggul ametung, he have stepson, named Anusapati. And he be King from 1268 until 1292. Singasari kingdom reached its peak during the reign of Kertanegara who has the title of ” Maharajadhiraja Kertanegara Wikrama Dharmotunggadewa. Also Kertanegara is the last King in Singasari Kingdom.
Political Life.
Singosari kingdom that had experienced triumph in the history of the development of Hinduism in Indonesia has been ruled by the kings as follows:
a). King Ken Arok
After his victory in the battle against the kingdom of Kediri, Ken Arok decided to make Bhattara dynasty and build a new empire under the name Kingdom of Singasari. Ken Arok as the first king of the Kingdom of Singasari the title of ” Sri Ranggah Rajasa Bhatara Sang Amurwabhumi” and the dynasty named Girindrawangsa Dynasty (Dynasty Descendants Shiva). The establishment of this dynasty aimed at eliminating traces of who actually Ken Arok and why he managed to set up the kingdom. In addition,to the descendants of Ken Arok (if one day become a great king) is not tarnished by the behavior and actions of the crimes committed by Ken Arok ever do. King Ken Arok ruled in 1222-1227 AD. The reign of Ken Arok ended tragically,when he was killed by Anusapati accomplice, who is his stepson (the child Kendedes with her first husband Tunggul Ametung).
b). King Anusapati
With the death of Ken Arok, Singasari throne directly held by Anusapati. In the period of the long reign (1227-1248 AD ),do not Anusapati reforms, due to his penchant Anusapati dissolve himself, ie risking chicken. The death of Ken Arok eventually uncovered and until the son of Ken Arok with Ken Umang,named Tohjaya. Tohjaya know that Anusapati like to risking chicken, because that, Tohjaya invite Anusapati to risking chicken in gedong jiwa (Tohjaya residence). When Anusapati was busy seeing complaints chicken, suddenly he pull out a dagger Mpu Gandring were brought Anusapati and immediately thrust back into Anusapati until he died.
c). King Tohjaya
By Anusapati dieing, the throne held by Tohjaya. Tohjaya rules Singasari Kingdom only few month (in 1248 AD). Because Anusapati son named Ranggawuni know about why Anusapati die. Ranggawuni with someone,named Mahesha Cempaka claim right about the throne to Tohjaya. But Tohjaya send troops to catch Ranggawuni and Mahesha Cempaka. So, they both fled before the troops of Tohjaya catch them. To investigate where’s Ranggawuni and Mahesha Cempaka hiding, Tohjaya sent troops under the command of Lembu Ampal. However, Lembu Ampal realized that were eligible for the throne is Ranggawuni. Then he turn to side Ranggawuni. Ranggawuni with Mahesha Cempaka and help with Lembu Ampal won the throne of Tohjaya. Tohjaya was die.
d). King Wisnuwardhana(Ranggawuni)
Ranggawuni was ascended the throne over the kingdom with a tittle “Sri JayaWisnuwardhana” and Cempaka Mahesha “Narashingamurti”. They was rules by (1248-1268). Wisnuwardhana as a King, and Narashingamurti as a Queen. Government authorities brought both safety and well-being. In the year 1254 AD, Wisnuwardhana raised his son as Yuvaraja (viceroy) with a view to preparing his son Kertanegara become a great king in the Kingdom Singasari. After Wisnuwardhana died (he was the only king who died were not killed in the Kingdom Singasari) , switch to the throne Singasari is Kertanegara.
e). King Kertanegara
King Kertanegara (1268-1292 AD )is the leading kings and the last king of the Kingdom of Singasari. Under his reign, the Singasari Kingdom reach his heyday. Stability empire embodied in the reign of King Wisnuwardhana enhanced again by the actions of a firm and courageous. After east java well-regard circumtances,King Kertanegara stepped outside East Java to realize the ideals of unity throughout the country under the banner of the Kingdom Singasari.
Efforts taken by King Kertanegara can be seen from the implementation of domestic and foreign politics. In order to realize political stability Singasari kingdom,King Kertanegara path as follows:
1). Domestic Policy
Substitution royal officials,aims to raise governance compact.
Maintaining the security and political conduct marriages.The create harmony and political stability. Do good to political opponent also in their domestic politic.
2). Foreign Politic.
a. Carry out Pamalayu’s expedition to rule the Malay kingdom and weaken the position of Sriwijaya kingdom in the Malacca Strait.
b. Mastering Bali,Mastering West Java,Mastering Malacca and Borneo.
Based on cultural aspects, found temples and statues, including the left-hand temple, jago temple, and singasari temple. While the statues found are kendedes statues as the goddess prajnaparamitha, symbol of perfection of science, kertanegara statues in the form of joko dolog statues, and amoghapasa statues are also embodiments of kertanegara (both statues state that kertanegara adheres to tantrayana Buddhism
As an empire, singasari’s royal journey can be said to take place with the existence of disputes that occur within the royal palace which is thick with nuances of power struggles. At that time the kingdom of Singasari was busy sending its army out of Java. Eventually the kingdom of Singasari experienced chaos especially during the jayakatwang rebellion which was the cousin of Kertanegara. In the attack, kertanegara were killed. So that the kingdom of Singasari was destroyed. And the kingdom is finish.